Vehicle brake



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39 E937. s. R. VALENTINE VEHICLE BRAKE Filed Nov. 7, 1935 Inventor:

lhvrwFRValer-xtirwe, b #WZM y i Hi Attorney.

sautes Aug. s, les? VEMCELE BRAKE Irving B.. Valentine, Erie, Pe.,assigner to Genemi Electric Company, e commotion of New Yori:

Application November 7, 1935, Seriell No. 48,660

i3 leims.

The present invention relates to motor vehicle braises end moreparticularly to brakes adapted for use on heavy vehicles such as busses,mieles and the like.

In my copending patent application Serial No. 737,722, filed July 3l,1931i, and entitled Friction material oi which, the present applicationis a continuation in part, I have disclosed an. improved frictionmaterial suitable for use es a brake drum or braise lining. The frictionmoe.- terial disclosed in my price application may be employed toadvantage as e broke lining in combination with cest iron or steel brokedrums or in combination with e broke drum consisting of like frictionmateriel. It muy also be employed to advantage es a bruise drum incontact with the Well known types of libre bruise linings.

li' a braise' iii-ling consisting of the friction ma teriel disclosed inmy priez' potent application and e. coopersting cast leon ce steellimite drum le employed on heavy vehicles, .such es busses or heavytrucks, the wear on the d1une may be es:- cessive.

One o the objects oi' the present invention is to provide a lifeeiiicieut bruise which is adapted foi use on heavy motor vehicles.

A. Iiutber objecto' my invention is to provide. in combination with myimproved friction materiel, a breite member.- which is vesy resistant toweer.

The novel features which eee characteristic of my invention are setioith with berticuisi'lty in the appended claims. My invention itselfhowever will best be understood from reference to the followingspecicetion when considered in connection with the accompanying drawingin which Fig. l is a view in elevation of su outcmobile braiseconsisting of a drum and ccopeifeta ing braise shoes` bile 2 is e crosssectional de tali view on en enlarged scale, oi e, portion of e brakeshoe povided with e brake lining consisting ci' my improved metalfriction material.

Referring more peticularly to the diewiuo, l have indicated at l a steelbrake drum embodying features of the present invention and cooperatingwith brake shoes 2 and The letter are provided respectively withmetallic brake linings Il and 5. In securing the mete-l brake lining tothe brake shoes the lining is countersunlg et van ous portions thereofend then i'iveted to the brake shoe by means of rivets d.. It isdesirable to li the countersunk portions of the brekebeud with metal lto ptevent any powdered metallic materiel from collecting therein. Thismay be eocompiished by means of en atomic hydrogen (Cl. 18d- 73) Weldingtorch employing a. welding rod consisting substantially of the sameingredients as the brake linings il and 3 and in addition about 1% ofphosphorus. Ii desired however other metals or alloys which arei'elatively soft or have about the seme degree of hardness as thelinings d and 5 may be employed to fill the countersunk portions of thebrakebcnd.

The friction material disclosed yin my prior application, Serial No.737,722 contains about '10 to 85% copper, about 6 to 15% lead, aboutI 2to 10% tin, about 1 to 4% nickel, about 1 to 4% silicon and from 0 toabout 3% zinc. For the most satisfactory results the lead content shouldbe between about 8 to 12%, the tin from about 15 3 to 9%, the nickel andsilicon each from about i to 3%, and the zinc from about 1/2% to 2%. Asmall amount of iron, for example up to about 1%, will generally bepresent in the alloy although lron is not intentionally included.

In fabricating my improved friction material the ingredients may bemelted in a furnace and cast to a desired shape in a suitable mold, asmall quantity of phosphorus, i. e. about 0.1%, being added in the ladleto improve fluidity as Well es to deoxldize the melt and refine thegrain of the alloy. If desired, the alloy may be made by pressing andsintering the mixed powdered ingredients instead of nesting, thesintering temperature varying from about 550 C. to a tem- 30 'eture justbelow the melting point of the mix- If the friction material is cast thecasting is heet treated at a temperature between about 50U C. to 800 C.for a period of about two hours or more after which it is cooledpreferably Without quenching. Although the temperature of the heattreatment may be varied, I prefer to employ a temperature of about 600C. This temperatuie ls maintained for about 6 to 8 hours. Iftemperatures above 600 C. are employed the heating period will beshortened. For example, at 709 C. the heating period will have aduration o about two hours.

The coeilcient of friction of my improved friction material is about 0.6and 1s substantially constant at temperatures up to and above 500 C.although it may rise slightly at higher temperetures.

Although I prefer to employ in my fricton50 material all the ingredientsas heretofore indlcated, it is possible to obtain a. satisfactorybraking action if certain of the elements are omitted.

If the nickel and silicon are omitted from the alloy r the lead contentend zinc content should be in- "5 creased. For example, the alloy undersuch conditlons preferably should contain from about 70 to 85% copper,about 6 to 12% lead, about 4 to 8% tin and about 2 to 4% zinc. A smallquantlty of aluminum or manganese, for example 0.1% to 1.5% manganese oraluminum, preferably manganese, may be added to the above mixture.

Ii my improved friction material is employed 10 on very heavy motorvehicles as a braise lining in contact with the usual cast iron or highcarbon steel brake drums, the wear on such drums may be excessive, forexample more than 0.004 inch per thousand miles, and the brake drums inaddition will usually develop heat checks. I have found however that ifmy improved friction material is employed as a brake lining against ahigh speed steel brake drum having the property of red hardness that thewear on the drum is greatly reduced. By red hardness I mean a materialhaving strength and hardness at red heat. 'Ihis property will usually befound in high speed steels containing appreciable quantities of metal ofthe sixth group of Mendelejeis Periodic Table of elements. The bestresults however are obtained with high speed steels having from about 4%to about 22% of such metal of the sixth group.

A steel containing 1.3% carbon, 3.50% tung sten, 0.3% manganese, 0.45%silicon and hardcned to about 600 Brinell will show a wear of 0.00416inch per thousand miles in contact with my improved friction material.This steel possesses a certain amount of red hardness but the quantityof tungsten or sixth group metal is too low to give the mostsatisfactory results. On the other hand, a high speed steel containing0.60% carbon, 18% tungsten, 4% chromium, 1% vanadium and hardened toabout 400 Brinell showed no heat checks Whatever and a Wear of 0.0016

inch per thousand miles, while a high speed steel hardened to about 500Brinell containing 0.60% carbon about 7.5% to 8.5% molybdenum, about1.25% to 2% tungsten, about 3.5% to 4% chro mium about l to 11/..%vanadium and fractional percentages of manganese and silicon showed noheat checks and a wear of only 0.0007 inch per thousand miles. Bothsteels, especially the latter, have a high degree of red hardness.

Although I have illustrated my invention in connection with a brakelining consisting of my improved friction material, it will be observedthat the relation of the braise lining and drum may be reversed and myimproved friction material may, if desired, comprise a braise drum incooperation with a high speed steel brake lining.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates, is:

l. A brake comprising cooperating friction members, one oi said memberscomprising a cop- 00 per alloy containing at least about 70% of copperand the other member comprising a high speed steel having the propertyof red hardness.

2. A brake comprising cooperating members, one of said memberscomprisinga copper alloy 65 heat treated at a temperature in theneighborhood of 500 to 800 C. and containing at least about 70% ofcopper, and the other member comprising a high speed steel having theproperty of red hardness.

7o 8. A brake comprising cooperating members,

one of said members comprising an alloy containing about 70 to 85%copper, about 6 to 15% lead, about 2 to 10% tin, about l to 4% nickel,about 1 to 4% silicon, and about 0.5% to 2% zinc,

75 the other member comprising a high speed steel containing from about4% to 20% of metal from the group consisting of tungsten. molybdenum andchromium.

4. A brake comprising cooperating members, one of said memberscomprising an alloy containing about 70 to 85% copper, about 6 to 15%lead, about 2 to 10% tin, about 1 to 4% nickel. about 1 izo-4% silicon,and about 0.5 to 2% zinc, the other member comprising a high speed steelcontaining about 0.60% carbon, about 18% tungsten, about 4% chromium andabout 1% vanadlum.

5. A bra-ke comprising cooperating members. one of said memberscomprising an alloy containing about 70 to 85% copper, about 6 to 15%lead, about 2 to 10% tin, about 1 to 4% nickel, about 1 to 4% silicon,and about 0.5 to 2% zinc, the other member comprising a high speed steelcontaining approximately 0.60% carbon, about 7.5% to 8.5% molybdenum,about 1.25% to 2% tungsten, about 3.5 to 4% chromium, and about 1 to 1%%vanadium.

6. A brake comprising cooperating members, one of said memberscomprising an alloy containing 70 to 80% copper, 6 to 15% lead, Z to 10%tin, 1 to 4% nickel, 1 to 4% silicon, and about 0.5 to 2% zinc, saidalloy having been treated at a temperature between 500 C. to 800 C. fora few hours, the other of said members comprising a high speed steelcontaining from about 4 to 20% of metal of the sixth group ofMendelejefs Periodic Table of elements and having the property of redhardness.

7. A brake comprising cooperating friction members, one of said memberscomprising an alloy containing at least 75% of copper, the Icmainder ofsaid alloy consisting substantially of lead, tin, nickel, silicon andzinc, said alloy having a coefficient oi friction of about 0.6, saidcoeiicient of friction being substantially constant.

8. A brake member comprising a support and a layer of copper alloydisposed thereon said alloy consisting of about 75% to 85% copper; about8% to 12% lead; about 2% to 4% tin; about 21/2 to 31/?% nickel; about21/2% to 4% silicon and about 0.5% to 2% zinc.

9. A brake comprising cooperating friction members, one of said memberscomprising an alloy containing at least 75% of copper, the remainder ofsaid alloy comprising appreciable quantities of lead, tin, nickel andsilicon, said alloy having a coeicient of friction of at least 0.5, saidcoefficient of friction being substantially constant.

10. A brake comprising cooperating friction members, one of said membersconsisting of a heat treated alloy containing at least 75% copper, theremainder of said alloy consisting substantially of appreciablequantities but not more than 12% of lead, 4% tin, 31/2% nickel, 31,%silicon and 2% zinc, said alloy having at all times a coefficient offriction of at least 0.5.

11. A brake comprising cooperating friction members, one of said memberscomprising an alloy containing about 80% copper, 10% lead, 3% tin, 3%nickel, 3% silicon and 1% zinc.

12. A brake comprising cooperating friction members, one of said memberscomprising an alloy containing about 75% to 85% copper, 8% to 12% lead,2% to 4% tin, 21/2% to 31/% nickel. 2/2% to 31,42% Silicon and 0% tc 2%zinc, said alloy having the characteristics of an alloy of the samecomposition which has been heat treated at a temperature of 500 to 800C. for a few hours.

IRVING R. VALENTINE.

Eebent No. 2,089,080.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION.

Augus'l 5, 1957.

Ievme R. VALENTINE.

It. is hereby certified that error appears in The printed specificationof the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows; Page 2,second column, line 45, claim 8, for "Z3-1g" firs'rl occurrence, read.2-70; and same line for "4%" read. 3%; and that the said Letters Patentshould be read with these corrections therein that the seme may-czornorm to the recyom of the case in the Patent. Office..

Signed and sealed this 5th day of October, A. D. 1987.

Henry Ven Arsdale (Seel) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

